Common problems

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs): burning, urgency, frequency, pelvic discomfort; sometimes blood in urine.

Incontinence: stress (leak with cough/sneeze), urge (overactive bladder), or mixed.

Pelvic floor disorders: prolapse can contribute to urinary symptoms.

Evaluation

History, physical exam, urine dip/culture when infection suspected, bladder diary, and sometimes an
ultrasound or post-void residual assessment.

Treatment

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UTIs: antibiotics when indicated; hydration; address triggers; consider preventive strategies for recurrent UTIs.

Incontinence/overactive bladder: pelvic floor muscle training, bladder training, lifestyle changes (fluid/caffeine management, constipation treatment), medications for urge incontinence, pessaries for support, or procedures (e.g., mid-urethral sling) when appropriate.

When to seek urgent care

Fever, back/flank pain, vomiting, pregnancy with UTI symptoms, or inability to pass urine.

Deep Dive

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Recurrent UTIs: we review hydration, timed voiding, vaginal estrogen for post-menopausal bladder/vaginal health, and in select cases preventive antibiotics or non-antibiotic strategies.

Incontinence therapy: pelvic floor training (often 3 months or more) is highly effective; urge incontinence medicines calm bladder over-activity; procedures are individualized when conservative measures are insufficient.

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