What is the exact definition of this term?

Surgical birth through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. Can be planned (elective) or unplanned (urgent/emergency) depending on labor progress and mother/baby well-being.

Common reasons

Placenta previa/accreta spectrum, certain multiple pregnancies, breech presentation when vaginal birth is not chosen, previous C-section without VBAC, fetal distress, obstructed labor, and some maternal health conditions.

What to expect

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Typically spinal/epidural anesthesia; partner may be present.

Procedure often \~45–60 minutes.

Hospital stay usually 2–4 days; early walking is encouraged to reduce clots and aid recovery.

Recovery & risks

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Pain around incision, temporary difficulty with mobility, slightly higher risks of infection, bleeding, clots, and injury to nearby organs versus uncomplicated vaginal birth.

Future pregnancies carry higher risks of placenta previa/accreta and uterine scar complications; discuss spacing and delivery planning (including VBAC, vaginal birth after cesarean, for suitable candidates).

Our approach

Shared decision-making, gentle/family-centered options when safe (e.g., skin-to-skin in theatre), thorough counseling on recovery, wound care, and future birth choices.

Deep Dive

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Anesthesia: spinal is most common; you remain awake and pain-free from chest to toes. General anesthesia is reserved for specific circumstances.

Incisions: skin incision is typically low and horizontal; the uterine incision is usually a low transverse cut to facilitate future VBAC options when appropriate.

Recovery timeline: most people resume light activity in days; more strenuous exercise is usually delayed for \~6 weeks after a routine course.

Scar and adhesions: internal scarring can rarely cause pain or bowel obstruction; gentle mobilization and, when needed, physiotherapy can help.

Future birth planning: we review eligibility for VBAC versus repeat cesarean based on prior incision type, number of C-sections, interval since last birth, and other factors.

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