What is the exact definition of these term?

Benign muscular tumors of the uterus. They can be inside the uterine cavity, within the wall, or on the outer surface. Many cause no symptoms.

Symptoms

Heavy/prolonged periods, pelvic pressure or pain, urinary frequency, constipation, pain with sex, infertility or pregnancy complications depending on size and location.

Diagnosis

Pelvic exam and ultrasound (sometimes MRI for surgical planning).

Management

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Watchful waiting if asymptomatic.

Medical: LNG-IUS for heavy bleeding, combined or progestin-only hormones, tranexamic acid/NSAIDs; short-term **GnRH** therapy to shrink fibroids or improve anemia pre-op; newer oral GnRH antagonists (with add-back).

Procedures: myomectomy (fertility-sparing), uterine artery embolization (not suitable for all), MRI-guided focused ultrasound in select centers, or hysterectomy if childbearing complete and symptoms significant.

Fertility & pregnancy

Submucosal and large cavity-distorting fibroids are most likely to affect fertility or miscarriage risk; individualized counseling is essential.

Deep Dive

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Growth patterns: influenced by estrogen and progesterone; can grow during reproductive years and often shrink after menopause.

Choosing therapy: we consider size, number, location, symptoms, fertility wishes, and personal preferences. Submucosal fibroids are most closely linked to heavy bleeding and fertility issues and can often be removed hysteroscopically.

Anemia care: iron supplementation (oral or IV) may be needed; vitamin C improves absorption; avoid taking iron with calcium or certain medications.

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